Phonetics and its applications in distinguishing similar Arabic sounds: an analytical, phonetic, and acoustic study

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of similar-sounding phonemes in the Arabic language, which poses a significant challenge in learning and correct pronunciation, and can lead to semantic ambiguity. Drawing on modern phonetic methodologies, the paper seeks to provide a systematic scientific framework for distinguishing between these sounds. The study employs a descriptive-analytical approach that integrates Articulatory Phonetics and Acoustic Phonetics. The theoretical framework addresses the fundamental concepts of sound production and distinctive features such as voicing, emphasis (pharyngealization), and manner of articulation. The applied framework focuses on analyzing minimal pairs of phonetically close sound groups, such as (s/ṣ), (t/ṭ), (d/ḍ), and (ḏ/ẓ), illustrating the subtle differences in their place and manner of articulation. The study also proposes measurable acoustic correlates, such as formant frequencies (F1, F2, F3) and Voice Onset Time (VOT), as objective tools for differentiation. The paper concludes that the integration of articulatory and acoustic analysis provides a deep and comprehensive understanding of phonetic distinction mechanisms. This contributes to developing effective pedagogical strategies for Arabic learners and supports efforts to preserve the integrity of standard Arabic pronunciation.